As far as light sources go the only reasonable alternative in my opinion is LEDs. LEDs are much more efficient in the conversion of electric power to light power than any fluorescent or gas discharge lamp. They can be manufactured to emit a specific wavelength of light and can be assembled to emit the precise profile needed for maximally efficient photosynthesis. At a 100% duty cycle they can be expected to last for 75 years! A fluorescent or gas discharge lamp would have to be replaced in two years or less. One drawback is that LEDs are relatively expensive, and it would require a sophisticated infrastructure to produce them. Both of these drawbacks are answered by the benefits of the device. How will you produce them? You won't! But this goes for all but the most primitive of light sources.
The drawback to a primitive incandescent light source is that because of the lack of efficiency I believe the drain on electrical power generating resources versus benefit derived will not be sustainable, consider also the energy involved in producing such devices if enough cannot be stockpiled. The LED's value lies in its relative efficiency and it's durability, as an indispensable link in our ability to produce food this makes the extra cost worth it. A lot of old fashioned approaches to sustainable biosystems fail when you remove the sun. There is no life without the sun! There will be limited electrical power generation capability. Maximum efficiency must be achieved. The most efficient path for electrical power to useable food energy for humans is: Electrical Power Source => LED Light Source => Algae =>
Offered by Steve